Vasectomy is a form of permanent male sterilization. The procedure involves dividing the vas deferens in order to interrupt the flow of sperm out of the testicles. It is the most common form of male sterilization. There are more than 500,000 vasectomy procedures performed per year in the US alone. The testicles also make the male hormone testosterone, which is not affected by this procedure. Also, since the testicles produce only 5-10 percent of the ejaculate volume, the semen volume will appear the same.
There are two techniques used to perform a vasectomy. The conventional method utilizes a scalpel and 1-2 small incisions to divide the vas, while the “no-scalpel” technique utilizes a small “puncture” to perform the same task. Both procedures are performed under local anesthesia in the office. Most men will have minimal discomfort, which can be treated with Tylenol® or Advil®.
It is common to have some mild “aching” of the testicles for a few days along with bruising of the scrotal skin. Normal activity can usually be resumed within 24 hours. Sexual relations can be resumed in about one week. Other forms of birth control must be utilized until a semen sample shows no evidence of sperm. Because it takes at least four months for all the sperm to “clear the system,” we ask that you not bring a specimen to the lab for at least that length of time. It may require several semen analyses before a man is cleared.
It must be emphasized that unprotected intercourse is not allowed until a semen analysis shows no sperm. There must be no sperm present in the ejaculate analyzed in two separate samples, at least two weeks apart, before the patient is considered to have had a successful vasectomy.